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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze     Sulfate     Nitrate     Heterogeneous chemistry     Biomass burning     Northeast China    

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Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical urban of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Characterization, sources and risk assessment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1535-6

摘要：

• The sampling was conducted in city on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau for one year.

关键词： Particle-associated PAHs     Fine particle     Source appointment     Group analysis     Risk assessment     Biomass burning    

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煤净化燃烧及伴生物产品化

朱雪芳

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第1期   页码 53-57

摘要：

煤净化燃烧及伴生物产品化新工艺，是在电厂燃煤中加特制的掺烧剂共同粉磨产生亲合颗粒，喷入锅炉内进行亲合煅烧。保证供热发电的同时实现降低残炭、提高粉煤灰活性、固结脱硫、降低Nox、CO2，并将全部固态伴生物在具有速烧速冷的燃煤锅炉内直接生成优质水泥熟料；实现基本消除燃烧的全部污染（气体和固体污染），且不产生二次污染，从而达到清洁生产的目的。

关键词： 净化燃烧     伴生物产品化     速烧速冷     固结脱硫     亲合颗料     亲合煅烧    

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Online single particle analysis of chemical composition and mixing state of crop straw burning particles

Juntao HUO,Xiaohui LU,Xinning WANG,Hong CHEN,Xingnan YE,Song Gao,Deborah S. Gross,Jianmin CHEN,Xin YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 244-252 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0768-z

摘要： Fresh straw burning (SB) particles were generated in the laboratory by the combustion of rice straw and corn straw. The chemical composition and mixing state of the fresh SB particles were investigated by an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS). Based on the mass spectral patterns, the SB particles were clustered into four major types: Salt, Organic Carbon (OC), Elemental Carbon (EC), and internally mixed particles of EC and OC (EC-OC). In addition, particles containing ash, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals or nicotine were also observed. Physical and chemical changes of the SB particles immediately after the emission were analyzed with highly time-resolved data. During the aging processes, the average particle size increased steadily. Freshly emitted organic compounds were gradually oxidized to more oxygenated compounds in the OC-containing particles. Meanwhile, an important displacement reaction (2KCl+ → K SO + 2Cl ) was observed. The marker ions for SB particles were optimized and applied to identify the SB particles in the ambient atmosphere. The fluctuation of the number fraction of ambient SB particles sorted by ATOFMS agrees well with that of water soluble K measured by an online ion chromatography, demonstrating that the optimized marker ions could be good tracers for SB particles in field measurements.

关键词： crop straw burning particles     mixing state     aging process     ATOFMS     ion markers    

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A method of determining flame radiation fraction induced by interaction burning of tri-symmetric propane

Jie JI, Junrui DUAN, Huaxian WAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1017-1026 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0716-x

摘要： The interaction of multiple fires may lead to a higher flame height and more intense radiation flux than a single fire, which increases the possibility of flame spread and risks to the surroundings. Experiments were conducted using three burners with identical heat release rates (HRRs) and propane as the fuel at various spacings. The results show that flames change from non-merging to merging as the spacing decreases, which result in a complex evolution of flame height and merging point height. To facilitate the analysis, a novel merging criterion based on the dimensionless spacing / was proposed. For non-merging flames ( / >0.368), the flame height is almost identical to a single fire; for merging flames ( / ≤0.368), based on the relationship between thermal buoyancy and thrust (the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the flame), a quantitative analysis of the flame height, merging point height, and air entrainment was formed, and the calculated merging flame heights show a good agreement with the measured experimental values. Moreover, the multi-point source model was further improved, and radiation fraction of propane was calculated. The data obtained in this study would play an important role in calculating the external radiation of propane fire.

关键词： flame interaction     air entrainment     flame height     multi-point source model     thermal radiation    

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Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels?What drivers will influence biomass allocation

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 473-481 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017168

摘要： Potential competition for biomass for current and future bioenergy/biofuel uses in Brazil, Denmark, Sweden and the USA were compared. In each of these countries, bioenergy and biofuels are already important in their energy mix. However, there is limited competition for biomass between bioenergy (heat/power/residential/industrial) and transportation biofuel applications. This situation is likely to continue until advanced biofuel technology becomes much more commercially established. In each of these countries, biomass is predominantly used to produce bioenergy, even in those regions where biofuels are significant component of their transportation sector (Brazil, Sweden and USA). The vast majority of biofuel production continues to be based on sugar, starch and oil rich feedstocks, while bioenergyis produced almost exclusively from forest biomass with agricultural biomass having a small, but increasing, secondary role. Current and proposed commercial scale biomass-to-ethanol facilities almost exclusively use agriculture derived residues (corn stover/wheat straw/sugarcane bagasse). Competition for biomass feedstocks for bioenergy/biofuel applications, is most likely to occur for agricultural biomass with coproduct lignin and other residues used to concomitantly produce heat and electricity on site at biofuel production facilities.

关键词： bioenergy     biofuel     biomass     renewable energy policy    

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NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 458-467 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023500

摘要：

● Gasification of cow dung was evaluated using Aspen Plus software.

关键词： Aspen Plus     biomass gasification     manure of livestock and poultry     simulation     syngas    

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

摘要： Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH3·H2O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

关键词： biomass     amino acids     chitin     nitrogen-containing compounds     lignocellulose    

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Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 13-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015050

摘要： Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleum-based fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass, including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.

关键词： lignocellulosic biomass     thermochemical     liquid fuels     upgrading     biofuels    

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Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 798-816 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2316-x

摘要： The utilization of sustainable resources provides a path to relieving the problem of dependence on fossil resources. In this context, biomass materials have become a feasible substitute for petroleum-based materials. The development of biomass materials is booming and advanced biomass materials with various functional properties are used in many fields including medicine, electrochemistry, and environmental science. In recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used in biomass pretreatments and processing owing to their “green” characteristics and adjustable physicochemical properties. Thus, the effects of ionic liquids in biomass materials generation require further study. This review summarizes the multiple roles of ionic liquids in promoting the synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials as solvents, structural components, and modifiers. Finally, a prospective approach is proposed for producing additional higher-quality possibilities between ionic liquids and advanced biomass materials.

关键词： biomass materials     functional materials     ionic liquids     synthesis     structure-property relationship    

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Effect of oil shale semi-coke on deposit mineralogy and morphology in the flue path of a CFB burning

Zhuo LIU, Jianbo LI, Mingming ZHU, Xiaofeng LU, Zhezi ZHANG, Dongke ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 26-37 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0668-1

摘要： The effect of oil shale semi-coke (SC) on the mineralogy and morphology of the ash deposited on probes situated in the flue path of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) which burns Zhundong lignite (ZD) was investigated. 10 wt% or 20 wt% SC was added to ZD, which were then combusted in the CFB furnace at 950°C. Two probes with vertical and horizontal orientations were installed in the flue duct to simulate ash deposition. Both windward and leeward ash deposits on probes (P W, P L, P W and P L) were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES, and a particle size analyzer. When ZD was burned alone, the P W deposit was comprised of agglomerates (<30 m) enriched in CaSO and Na SiO , incurring significant sintering. The P L and P W deposits, however, were of both discrete and agglomerated particles in similar mineral phases but with coarser sizes. The P L deposit was mainly fine ash particles where Na SiO and Na SO were absent. As SC was added, the agglomerates in both P W and P L decreased. Moreover, SiO and Ca/Na aluminosilicates dominated the mineral phases whereas Na SiO and Na SO disappeared, showing a decrease in deposit stickiness. Likewise, the P W deposit was found less spread on the probe, decreasing its deposition propensity. Na-bearing minerals turned into (Na, K)(Si Al)O and (Ca, Na)(Si, Al) O in the P W deposit. Moreover, Na in the deposits decreased from 32 mg/g to less than 15 mg/g as SC presented. The addition of SC would therefore help alleviate the propensity of ash deposition in the flue path in the CFB combustion of ZD.

关键词： ash deposition     circulating fluidized bed (CFB)     mineral transformation     oil shale semi-coke (SC)     Zhundong lignite (ZD)    

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Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1131-1139 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2321-0

摘要： Riboflavin sodium phosphate has been confirmed as a promising biomass product derived from natural plants. In this paper, a novel method of dyeing and multifunctional modification of silk fabric by impregnation with riboflavin sodium phosphate was proposed, such that protein silk fabric can be endowed with bright yellow color and multi-functionality. The results of this paper confirmed that the pH and concentration of riboflavin sodium phosphate solution are critical factors for dyeing and multifunctional modification. Attractively, the photochromic performance was one of the most distinctive features of the modified silk fabric, and the dyed silk fabric turned into fluorescent green from original yellow under 365 nm ultraviolet lamp. Furthermore, the modified silk fabric exhibited good antibacterial properties with a high inhibition rate of 92% for Escherichia coli. Besides, the flame retardancy of silk fabric was significantly improved after modification. The damaged length of modified silk fabric with 40% owf riboflavin sodium phosphate was lower than 10.4 cm and passed the B1 classification. As revealed by the result of this paper, riboflavin sodium phosphate is sufficiently effective in serving as an eco-friendly multifunctional agent for strengthening the add-value of silk textiles.

关键词： biomass     riboflavin sodium phosphate     silk protein     multifunctional modification     flame retardant    

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Emulsification for castor biomass oil

Dongxiang ZHANG, Yuanping LIN, Anmei LI, V. V. TARASOV

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 96-101 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0553-2

摘要： The effect of the emulsifier formula on the stability of castor oil-water system was studied through compounding three groups of emulsifiers from the aspects of stability factor of absorbance, centrifuge stability, demulsification time in quiescence, appearance of the droplets, and viscosity. The best emulsifier formula for castor biomass oil was the composite formula of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate. Correlation exists between the stability of emulsion and the viscosity/particle size of the droplets, with better stability in the case of greater viscosity or narrower distribution of particle size in the emulsion of castor oil-water system. Methanol added to the castor oil-water system may decrease the viscosity of the emulsion. Comparing the castor oil-water emulsion with methanol-castor oil-water emulsion, the optimal hydrophilic and lipophilic balance (HLB) value based on castor oil-water system was acquired between 6.6 and 7.5, while the optimal HLB value based on the methanol-castor oil-water system was between 5.5 and 6.0. The optimal HLB value of methanol-castor oil-water system gradually moved to that of castor oil-water emulsion with adding more water.

关键词： castor oil     biomass oil     emulsification     stability     viscosity     corrosivity    

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Mass and heat balance calculations and economic evaluation of an innovative biomass pyrolysis project

Quanyuan WEI, Yongshui QU, Tianwei TAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 355-361 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0567-9

摘要： Biomass can be converted into flammable gas, charcoal, wood vinegar, wood tar oil and noncombustible materials with thermo-chemical pyrolysis reactions. Many factors influence these processes, such as the properties of the raw materials, and temperature control and these will affect the products that are produced. Based on the data from a straw pyrolysis demonstration project, the mass and heat balance of the biomass pyrolysis process were analyzed. The statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) statistical method was used to analyze the data which were monitored on-site. A cost-benefit analysis was then used to study the viability of commercializing the project. The analysis included net present value, internal rate of return and investment payback period. These results showed that the straw pyrolysis project has little risk, and will produce remarkable economic benefits.

关键词： mass balance     heat balance     biomass pyrolysis     economic benefit    

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The combined effects of biomass and temperature on maximum specific ammonia oxidation rate in domestic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1411-9

摘要：

• Actual SAORs was determined using MLVSS and temperature.

关键词： Specific ammonia oxidation rate     Sequencing batch reactor     Biomass     Temperature coefficient     Model simulation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

期刊论文

Particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in typical urban of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: Characterization, sources and risk assessment

期刊论文

煤净化燃烧及伴生物产品化

朱雪芳

期刊论文

Online single particle analysis of chemical composition and mixing state of crop straw burning particles

Juntao HUO,Xiaohui LU,Xinning WANG,Hong CHEN,Xingnan YE,Song Gao,Deborah S. Gross,Jianmin CHEN,Xin YANG

期刊论文

A method of determining flame radiation fraction induced by interaction burning of tri-symmetric propane

Jie JI, Junrui DUAN, Huaxian WAN

期刊论文

Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels?What drivers will influence biomass allocation

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

期刊论文

NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

期刊论文

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

期刊论文

Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

期刊论文

Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials

期刊论文

Effect of oil shale semi-coke on deposit mineralogy and morphology in the flue path of a CFB burning

Zhuo LIU, Jianbo LI, Mingming ZHU, Xiaofeng LU, Zhezi ZHANG, Dongke ZHANG

期刊论文

Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

期刊论文

Emulsification for castor biomass oil

Dongxiang ZHANG, Yuanping LIN, Anmei LI, V. V. TARASOV

期刊论文

Mass and heat balance calculations and economic evaluation of an innovative biomass pyrolysis project

Quanyuan WEI, Yongshui QU, Tianwei TAN

期刊论文

The combined effects of biomass and temperature on maximum specific ammonia oxidation rate in domestic

期刊论文